Seeking Power from Two Different Voices: A Gendered Approach to Freedom Activists’ Speeches

Authors

  • Sulistya Ningtyas Universitas Dian Nusantara, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.alphabet.2021.04.02.05

Keywords:

gendered perspective, speech, freedom activist, Middle East

Abstract

Gender basically gives distinction to males and females, where our public domain is inseparable from this social construction. This study aimed to identify the language use of the Middle Eastern freedom activists’ speeches based on gender perspective. The data source was from male and female Middle Eastern freedom activists’ speech videos. A number of participants were also involved to measure the powerful voice in the speech. The results showed that male and female speakers produced a set of spoken language differences, which differed by form, topic, content, and purpose. In using the language for speech, both male and female speakers produced some elements in random frequency. To conclude, one gender could not be considered more potential than the other to influence the audience when delivering the speech. Other factors, particularly non-verbal ones, exist to give impacts on the speech performance so that it has a certain degree to influence the audience.

References

Alashqar, Y. (2018). The politics of social structures in the Palestinian case: From national resistance to depoliticization and liberalization. Social Sciences, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7040069

Balam, O., & Couto, M. C. P. (2019). Adjectives in Spanish/English Code Switching: Avoidance of Grammatical Gender in Bi/Multilingual Speech. Spanish in Context, 16(2), 194–216.

Balat, M. (2006). The Position of Oil in the Middle East: Potential Trends, Future Perspectives, Market and Trade. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 28(9), 821–828. https://doi.org/10.1080/009083190951384

Bayat, A. (2000). Social Movements, Activism and Social Development in the Middle East. Middle East, 3(3), 47.

Best Speech You Will Ever Hear - Peace in the Middle East. (2014). VivaVideography.

Brown, R. H., & Bjawi-Levine, L. (2002). Cultural Relativism and Universal Human Rights: Contribution From Social Science of the Middle East. The Anthropologist, 4(3), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2002.11890742

Cameron, D., & Kulick, D. (2013). Language and Society. Cambridge University Press.

Canetti, D., Khatib, I., Rubin, A., & Wayne, C. (2019). Framing and fighting: The impact of conflict frames on political attitudes. Journal of Peace Research, 56(6), 737–752. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343319826324

Dziallas, K. (2019). Gender Stereotyping: The Head and Sexualized Body Parts as Fruits and Vegetables. Metaphor and the Social World, 9(2), 199–220.

Ferraro, F. R. (2019). Males tend to die, females tend to pass away. Death Studies, 43(10), 665–667. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2018.1515127

Freedman, M. (2019). Fighting from the Pulpit: Religious Leaders and Violent Conflict in Israel. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 63(10), 2262–2288. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002719832346

Girl Shot in Head by Taliban, Speaks at UN: Malala Yousafzai United Nations Speech 2013. (2013). ABC News. www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRh_30C8l6Y

Haas, A. (1979). Male and Female Spoken Language Differences: Stereotypes and Evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3), 616–626.

Izzeldin Abuelaish - Transcending Hate. (2011). Oslo Freedom Forum.

Jansen, F. (2010). Digital activism in the Middle East: mapping issue networks in Egypt, Iran, Syria and Tunisia. Knowledge Management for Development Journal, 6(1), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/19474199.2010.493854

Jenan Moussa - Syria’s Uncovered Story. (2013). Oslo Freedom Forum.

Jones, J., & Peccei, J. S. (2004). Language and Politics. In S. Wareing & L. Thomas (Eds.), Language, Society and Power. Routledge.

Manal al-Sharif - The Drive for Freedom. (2012). Oslo Freedom Forum.

Ochsenwald, W., & Fisher, S. N. (2004). The Middle East: A History (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Peretz, D. (1963). The Middle East Today. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.

Professor Amos Oz at Facing Tomorrow 2011. (2011). PresidentialConf. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2019.1653884

Schiff, A. (2018). The Kerry peace initiative in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: When hope and good intentions are not enough. International Negotiation, 23(1), 8–41. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718069-23011101

Syed, G. K. (2013). Education in the broader Middle East. British Journal of Educational Studies, 61(3), 375–376. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2013.816067

Talbot, M. (2010). Language and Gender (2nd ed.). Polity Press.

Volpi, F., & Clark, J. A. (2019). Activism in the Middle East and North Africa in times of upheaval: social networks’ actions and interactions. Social Movement Studies, 18(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2018.1538876

Downloads

Published

2021-12-27

Issue

Section

Articles